{"id":56753,"date":"2024-06-22T18:48:37","date_gmt":"2024-06-22T15:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.englishcentral.com\/blog\/?p=56753"},"modified":"2024-06-23T12:07:10","modified_gmt":"2024-06-23T09:07:10","slug":"tam-quan-trong-cua-ngu-am-trong-tieng-anh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.englishcentral.com\/blog\/vi\/tam-quan-trong-cua-ngu-am-trong-tieng-anh\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea7m Quan Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a Ng\u1eef \u00c2m Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ng\u1eef \u00e2m (phonetics) l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, truy\u1ec1n \u0111i, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh giao ti\u1ebfp. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng Anh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u1eef \u00e2m<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Anh. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nghe v\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khi h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c \u00e2m v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t \u00e2m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nghe<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef \u00e2m gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh kh\u00e1c nhau trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghe hi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef, v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i nhanh v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2m ti\u1ebft li\u00ean k\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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Giao ti\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u00fang gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 tin h\u01a1n khi giao ti\u1ebfp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Anh. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 do l\u1ed7i ph\u00e1t \u00e2m g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef \u00e2m<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh: Ng\u1eef \u00e2m ph\u00e1t \u00e2m, Ng\u1eef \u00e2m \u00e2m h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 Ng\u1eef \u00e2m th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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1. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o \u00e2m (Articulatory Phonetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ph\u00e1t \u00e2m (nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, m\u00f4i, v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng) t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u00e2m \u0111\u00fang. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1o \u00e2m bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– V\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong mi\u1ec7ng n\u01a1i \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o v\u00f2m mi\u1ec7ng, r\u0103ng, ho\u1eb7c m\u00f4i.
\n– C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t \u00e2m<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u00e2m thanh, nh\u01b0 \u00e2m m\u0169i (nasal sounds) hay \u00e2m v\u00f4 thanh (voiceless sounds).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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2. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m \u00e2m h\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc \u00e2m h\u1ecdc (Acoustic Phonetics) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1, bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc \u00e2m h\u1ecdc bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 (Frequency)<\/strong>: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n s\u00f3ng \u00e2m l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh.
\n– Bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 (Amplitude)<\/strong>: \u0110o l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a s\u00f3ng \u00e2m, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 to nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh.
\n– Ph\u1ed5 \u00e2m (Spectrogram)<\/strong>: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh theo th\u1eddi gian, gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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3. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c (Auditory Phonetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch tai v\u00e0 n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u00e2m thanh. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nghe hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh trong ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c bao g\u1ed3m:
\n– C\u01a1 quan th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tai trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u00e2m thanh t\u1edbi n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.
\n– X\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c<\/strong>: Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch n\u00e3o b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t

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Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh ch\u00ednh, ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

4. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (Segmental Phonetics) t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m.<\/p>\n

5. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc si\u00eau ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc si\u00eau ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n (Suprasegmental Phonetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e2m thanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u00e2m thanh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0 tr\u1ecdng \u00e2m, ng\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n

6. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (Historical Phonetics) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u00e2m thanh trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qua th\u1eddi gian. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

7. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m (Experimental Phonetics) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u00e2m thanh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n

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M\u1ed9t S\u1ed1 C\u00e2u H\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1eddng G\u1eb7p V\u1ec1 Ng\u1eef \u00c2m Trong Ti\u1ebfng Anh (FAQ)<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1. Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u1eef \u00e2m ph\u00e1p (phonology) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em><\/strong>
Ng\u1eef \u00e2m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, trong khi ng\u1eef \u00e2m ph\u00e1p nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u00e2m v\u1ecb trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

2. T\u1ea1i sao ng\u1eef \u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh?<\/em><\/strong>
Ng\u1eef \u00e2m gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t \u00e2m v\u00e0 nghe hi\u1ec3u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

3.L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u1eef \u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?<\/em><\/strong>
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng ng\u1eef \u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1t \u00e2m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, nghe v\u00e0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ng\u1eef \u00e2m chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n

4. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ng\u1eef \u00e2m kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/strong>
C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao.<\/p>\n