Health Problems & Medical Problems in English

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Health Problems in English

Here are some English terms used to define certain diseases. When you go to see a doctor in a foreign country you can use these terms in order to explain your problem to your doctor. This will help you get better treatment for your problem and quick results for getting healthy again.

English Term	Definition
Allergic reaction	When the body’s immune system overreacts to substances like pollen, food, or dust.
Allergy	A condition in which the body becomes sensitive to certain substances, causing sneezing, rash, or swelling.
Anxiety	A mental health condition that causes feelings of worry, fear, or nervousness.
Asthma	A respiratory condition that causes difficulty breathing due to inflamed airways.
Bleeding / Wound	Damage to the skin or tissues that causes blood loss.
Break / Bone fracture	A crack or break in a bone caused by injury or pressure.
Bronchitis	Inflammation of the airways leading to the lungs, often causing coughing and mucus.
Bruise	A dark mark on the skin caused by internal bleeding under the surface.
Burn	Damage to the skin from heat, fire, chemicals, or electricity.
Cancer	A serious disease where cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body.
Chest Diseases	Illnesses affecting the lungs or chest area, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
Chronic	Describes a condition that lasts for a long time or keeps returning.
Cold	A mild viral infection that causes coughing, sneezing, and a runny nose.
Cough	A reflex action to clear the airways of mucus, dust, or irritants.
Cut	A wound made by something sharp like a knife or glass.
Depression	A mental disorder that causes persistent sadness and loss of interest.
Diabetes	A disease where the body cannot properly control blood sugar levels.
Diarrhea	Frequent and watery bowel movements, often due to infection.
Disabled	A condition that limits a person’s physical or mental abilities.
Disease	A general term for an illness affecting the body or mind.
Epidemic	A sudden spread of a disease among many people in a specific area.
Eye Diseases	Conditions affecting vision, such as conjunctivitis or cataracts.
Fatigue	Extreme tiredness or lack of energy.
Fever	A rise in body temperature, often a sign of infection.
Flu	Short for influenza; a contagious viral infection causing fever, cough, and body aches.
Headache	Pain or discomfort in the head or upper neck area.
Heart Disease	Any disorder affecting the heart’s structure or function.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)	A condition where blood pressure is consistently too high.
Ill	Not healthy or feeling unwell.
Illness	A state of being sick or suffering from a disease.
Infection	The invasion of the body by harmful microorganisms like bacteria or viruses.
Inflamed	When part of the body becomes red, swollen, or painful, usually due to injury or infection.
Injury	Physical harm or damage to the body.
Mental Health and Diseases	Conditions that affect emotional, psychological, or social well-being.
Nausea	A feeling of wanting to vomit or discomfort in the stomach.
Obesity	A condition where a person has excessive body fat.
Oral and Dental Diseases	Problems with the teeth, gums, or mouth, such as cavities or gingivitis.
Skin Disease	Conditions affecting the skin, like acne, eczema, or psoriasis.
Sore throat	Pain or irritation in the throat, often from infection or overuse.
Sprain	An injury where a ligament is stretched or torn, usually around a joint.
Stomachache	Pain or discomfort in the stomach area.
Vomiting	Forcefully expelling food or liquid from the stomach through the mouth.

Hospital Departments

Hospitals have various departments that each look at different parts of the body. For your better treatment, you need to go to the right department. Here are hospital departments in English and what they are focused on.

Medical Departments	Definition
Aesthetics, Plastic Surgery	Performs cosmetic and reconstructive operations to improve appearance or repair body parts.
Allergy and Immunology	Diagnoses and treats allergies and immune system disorders.
Anesthesia and Reanimation	Administers anesthesia during surgery and provides life support in emergency or recovery situations.
Biochemistry	Analyzes blood and body fluids to detect diseases and monitor health.
Cardiovascular Surgery	Performs surgical procedures on the heart and blood vessels.
Check Up Center	Provides general health screenings and preventive medical tests.
Chest Diseases	Diagnoses and treats lung and respiratory system disorders.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases	Focuses on emotional, behavioral, and mental disorders in children and teenagers.
Dermatology	Treats skin, hair, and nail diseases.
Emergency and Ambulances	Provides urgent medical care and transportation for emergencies.
Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases	Diagnoses and manages hormonal and metabolism-related disorders, such as diabetes or thyroid problems.
Eye Diseases	Treats disorders related to vision and the eyes.
Gastroenterology	Deals with digestive system diseases involving the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
General Surgery	Performs surgical procedures for internal organs such as the stomach, intestines, or gallbladder.
Genetic Diseases Center	Diagnoses and manages hereditary or genetic disorders.
Geriatrics	Provides healthcare for elderly patients focusing on age-related conditions.
Gynecology	Treats diseases of the female reproductive system.
Hair Transplantation Center	Performs procedures to restore hair growth in bald or thinning areas.
Hematology	Studies and treats blood-related diseases such as anemia and leukemia.
Heart Diseases (Cardiology)	Diagnoses and treats heart conditions and blood circulation problems.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Unit	Uses oxygen under pressure to help heal wounds and treat certain medical conditions.
Infectious Diseases	Diagnoses and treats illnesses caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Internal Medicine	Provides diagnosis and non-surgical treatment for internal organ diseases in adults.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU)	Offers continuous monitoring and treatment for critically ill patients.
IVF Center	Provides fertility treatments and assists couples with conception.
LAB (Laboratory)	Conducts tests on blood, urine, and tissues to help diagnose diseases.
Mental Health and Diseases	Diagnoses and treats psychiatric and psychological disorders.
Neonatology	Specializes in the care of newborn babies, especially premature or ill infants.
Nephrology	Focuses on kidney function and diseases.
Neurology	Diagnoses and treats disorders of the brain, nerves, and spinal cord.
Nutrition and Diet	Provides dietary advice and treatment for weight or metabolic issues.
Obstetrics	Manages pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care.
Oncology	Diagnoses and treats various types of cancer.
Oral and Dental Diseases	Treats teeth, mouth, and gum problems.
Orthopedics and Traumatology	Deals with bone, joint, and muscle injuries and disorders.
Otorhinolaryngology (Ear, Nose, and Throat)	Diagnoses and treats diseases of the ear, nose, and throat.
Pain Management Center	Provides treatments for chronic or severe pain.
Pathology	Examines tissues and body fluids to help diagnose diseases.
Pediatric Cardiology	Diagnoses and treats heart diseases in children.
Pediatric Surgery	Performs surgical operations for children and infants.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation	Helps patients recover strength and movement after injury, illness, or surgery.
Psychiatry	Focuses on diagnosing and treating mental health disorders through medication and therapy.
Pulmonology	Treats lung and respiratory system diseases.
Radiology	Uses imaging technologies like X-rays, MRI, and CT scans to diagnose and monitor diseases.
Rheumatology	Treats joint, muscle, and autoimmune disorders such as arthritis.
Sleep Disorder Center	Diagnoses and treats sleep-related problems such as insomnia or sleep apnea.
Sterilization and Infection Control Unit	Prevents hospital-acquired infections and maintains hygiene standards.
Transplantation Unit	Performs organ and tissue transplant surgeries.
Urology	Diagnoses and treats diseases of the urinary system and male reproductive organs.

Medical Prefixes and Suffixes

There are certain suffixes and prefixes used in the medical field that refer to specific diseases and medical procedures. Knowing these suffixes can give you an idea about the procedures your doctor may perform for treatment and help you understand your diagnosis. Now, let’s learn what some of these suffixes and prefixes mean.

Medical Prefixes

Let’s learn medical prefixes.

Prefix	Meaning	Example	Explanation
a- / an-	Without, not	Anemia	Lack of blood or red cells.
anti-	Against	Antibiotic	A medicine that fights bacteria.
brady-	Slow	Bradycardia	Slow heart rate.
cardio-	Heart	Cardiology	The study of heart diseases.
derm- / dermato-	Skin	Dermatitis	Inflammation of the skin.
endo-	Inside, within	Endoscopy	Looking inside the body with a camera.
gastro-	Stomach	Gastritis	Inflammation of the stomach.
hemo- / hemat-	Blood	Hematology	Study of blood and its diseases.
hyper-	Above normal, excessive	Hypertension	High blood pressure.
hypo-	Below normal, deficient	Hypoglycemia	Low blood sugar.
neuro-	Nerve	Neurology	Study of the nervous system.
osteo-	Bone	Osteoporosis	Weakening of the bones.
psycho-	Mind	Psychology	Study of the human mind.
pulmo-	Lung	Pulmonology	Study of lung diseases.
tachy-	Fast	Tachycardia	Fast heart rate.

Medical Suffixes

Let’s learn medical suffixes.

Suffix	Meaning	Example	Explanation
-algia	Pain	Neuralgia	Nerve pain.
-cyte	Cell	Leukocyte	White blood cell.
-ectomy	Surgical removal	Appendectomy	Removal of the appendix.
-emia	Blood condition	Anemia	Low red blood cell count.
-itis	Inflammation	Arthritis	Inflammation of the joints.
-logy	Study of	Biology	The study of living things.
-oma	Tumor	Carcinoma	A type of cancerous tumor.
-osis	Condition, disease	Tuberculosis	Infectious disease of the lungs.
-pathy	Disease	Neuropathy	Nerve disease.
-plasty	Surgical repair	Rhinoplasty	Nose surgery.
-scopy	Visual examination	Endoscopy	Viewing inside the body.
-therapy	Treatment	Physiotherapy	Treatment to restore movement.
-tomy	Cutting, incision	Tracheotomy	Cutting into the windpipe.

Frequently Asked Questions About Health Problems & Medical Problems

Now that you have learned the basics of the Health & Medical problems and how they are described in English, let’s look at some of the most asked questions about it.

What country has the best healthcare?

Singapore ranks first for healthcare, followed by Japan in second place and South Korea in third.

What is the meaning of medical problems?

A ‘medical condition’ refers to a specific health issue or illness that can be diagnosed by healthcare providers based on symptoms, medication use, or diagnostic testing.

What are common medical issues?

Certain health issues, diseases, and conditions, whether back pain, hypertension, high cholesterol, arthritis, diabetes, digestive issues, hearing loss, or cataracts, become more common, particularly as we age.

What are the three factors that affect our health?

For both individuals and populations, health can be seen to depend not only on medical care but also on other factors, including individual behavior and genetic makeup, and social and economic conditions for individuals and communities.

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